A new two-layer model for energy management in the smart distribution network containing flexi-renewable virtual power plant

This paper presents a two-layer energy management model (EMM) in the smart distribution network (SDN) considering flexi-renewable virtual power plants (FRVPPs) that participate day-ahead and reserve markets. The first layer of EMM is applied to FRVPPs maximize their profit proposed markets subjected constraints renewable flexible sources with coordination between these VPP operator (VPPO). Also, second creates VPPOs system manage SDN based on minimizing summation loss voltage deviation function as linear normalized objective while it subjects format AC optimal flow equations. contains uncertainties load, market price, maximum demand sources, where stochastic programming used uncertain parameters. includes bi-level optimization solved by Benders decomposition approach achieve an solution at low calculation time. Finally, capabilities have been investigated implementing IEEE 69-bus network.